ARTIFICIAL CAREERS / OBSERVATORY

How AI work is taking shape.

2026-10 · Roles, tools and employer-disclosed pay

2026-10-01 to 2026-10-30 · Partial-month local preview

Download PDF

Three findings

  1. 378,446 qualifying job ads from 2,323 employers in the active snapshot. 22,591 ads have a matching accepted AI review.
  2. 869 ads in that AI-review subset include pay disclosed by the employer. All amounts are annual; conversions are labeled and salary estimates are excluded.
  3. 776 job ads outside core technical occupations name coding agents in work or skill requirements.

Where AI work appears

Ads with a matching accepted AI review · 22591 job ads · 1139 employers

Where AI work appears

Occupation families are descriptive classifications, not identical jobs.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Software engineering12230
AI research3733
Operations2018
IT and infrastructure870
Sales and business development829
Sales engineering637
Data science615
Product management519
Marketing242
Legal and compliance197
Program management190
Design161
Finance144
Technical marketing72

Entry points and seniority

Ads with a matching accepted AI review · 22591 job ads · 1139 employers

Entry points and seniority

Unknown levels remain visible. Technical and management tracks are separate.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Mid-level7700
Senior4537
Lead3429
Not specified2166
Managers2117
Early career787
Internships758
Directors736
Vice presidents321
Executives40

Observed hiring by country

Ads with a matching accepted AI review · 22591 job ads · 1139 employers

Observed hiring by country

A job counts once in each explicitly listed eligible country and once globally. Country totals overlap and must not be added. Regional/worldwide eligibility is kept separate; countries are never invented from a broad region.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
United States8309
Country not specified6297
India3078
United Kingdom790
France464
Canada409
Germany336
Singapore317
China293
Israel189
Spain178
Japan161
Ireland142
Poland124

Observed hiring across employers

Ads with a matching accepted AI review · 22591 job ads · 1139 employers

Observed hiring across employers

Top employer domains in current reviewed AI postings. Business-model classification remains incomplete; tool mentions never determine employer type.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Accenture5393
NVIDIA603
OpenAI448
Anthropic426
Databricks301
Bosch269
Capgemini264
Capital One236
Boston Consulting Group235
Salesforce222
AMD211
Anduril201

Annual advertised pay by occupation

Employer-disclosed pay in United States · 140 job ads · 38 employers

Annual advertised pay by occupation

United States · USD per year · base salary. Separate lower/upper-bound medians; not employee earnings. All pay shown annually: monthly ×12, weekly ×52, hourly ×disclosed hours or assumed 40×52. 10 records use assumed hours.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Software engineering154700240000
AI research150000260000

Internship pay: annual equivalents

Internships and apprenticeships in United States · 35 job ads · 19 employers

Internship pay: annual equivalents

United States · USD per year · salary as advertised; base component not separately stated. Internships and apprenticeships; separate lower/upper salary-bound medians. This population stays separate from the seniority chart's pay basis. Annual equivalents compare pay rates over a full year; they are not earnings for a shorter placement. Monthly ×12, weekly ×52, hourly ×disclosed hours or assumed 40×52; 18 use assumed hours.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Internships107328137280

Distribution of advertised lower bounds

Ads with a matching accepted AI review · 140 job ads · 38 employers

Distribution of advertised lower bounds

United States · USD per year · base salary. Annual lower bounds only; equal-width bins of 30,000, lower-inclusive and upper-exclusive. No range midpoints. All pay shown annually: monthly ×12, weekly ×52, hourly ×disclosed hours or assumed 40×52. 10 records use assumed hours.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
30,000 - 60,0004
60,000 - 90,0007
90,000 - 120,00011
120,000 - 150,00035
150,000 - 180,00050
180,000 - 210,00020
210,000 - 240,0002
240,000 - 270,0006
270,000 - 300,0002
300,000 - 330,0001
330,000 - 360,0001
360,000 - 390,0000
390,000 - 420,0001

AI tools named in job ads

All qualifying job advertisements · 378446 job ads · 2323 employers

AI tools named in job ads

Each family counts once per job: ChatGPT (OpenAI) includes Codex and OpenAI/GPT; Claude (Anthropic) includes Claude Code. Company promotion, selling and restrictions are excluded.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
ChatGPT (OpenAI)5381
Claude (Anthropic)5092
LangChain2088
Cursor1743
GitHub Copilot1300
Gemini (Google)1263
Microsoft Copilot860
Vertex AI (Google)691
Hugging Face523
n8n276
Devin223
Llama221
Mistral / Le Chat196
Lovable171
Grok (xAI)163

AI and developer tools across professions

All qualifying job advertisements · 378446 job ads · 2323 employers

AI and developer tools across professions

Required/preferred/workflow contexts only. Percentages use occupation denominators. Zero means no eligible mention; separate hybrid professions remain in downloadable data. VS Code and CLI alone do not prove AI use.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Software engineering / ChatGPT (OpenAI)2426
Software engineering / Claude (Anthropic)2913
Software engineering / Cursor1048
Software engineering / GitHub Copilot944
Software engineering / VS Code181
Software engineering / Command line555
Product owners / ChatGPT (OpenAI)2
Product owners / Claude (Anthropic)2
Product owners / Cursor0
Product owners / GitHub Copilot2
Product owners / VS Code2
Product owners / Command line0
Product management / ChatGPT (OpenAI)80
Product management / Claude (Anthropic)166
Product management / Cursor81
Product management / GitHub Copilot33
Product management / VS Code9
Product management / Command line32
Project management / ChatGPT (OpenAI)16
Project management / Claude (Anthropic)8
Project management / Cursor0
Project management / GitHub Copilot2
Project management / VS Code0
Project management / Command line0
Program management / ChatGPT (OpenAI)47
Program management / Claude (Anthropic)64
Program management / Cursor7
Program management / GitHub Copilot4
Program management / VS Code0
Program management / Command line0
Marketing / ChatGPT (OpenAI)104
Marketing / Claude (Anthropic)151
Marketing / Cursor33
Marketing / GitHub Copilot9
Marketing / VS Code2
Marketing / Command line6
Sales and business development / ChatGPT (OpenAI)1632
Sales and business development / Claude (Anthropic)300
Sales and business development / Cursor66
Sales and business development / GitHub Copilot10
Sales and business development / VS Code1
Sales and business development / Command line8
Operations / ChatGPT (OpenAI)350
Operations / Claude (Anthropic)522
Operations / Cursor139
Operations / GitHub Copilot62
Operations / VS Code14
Operations / Command line172
Design / ChatGPT (OpenAI)55
Design / Claude (Anthropic)101
Design / Cursor61
Design / GitHub Copilot12
Design / VS Code1
Design / Command line8
Finance / ChatGPT (OpenAI)56
Finance / Claude (Anthropic)92
Finance / Cursor10
Finance / GitHub Copilot14
Finance / VS Code1
Finance / Command line4
Human resources / ChatGPT (OpenAI)16
Human resources / Claude (Anthropic)34
Human resources / Cursor5
Human resources / GitHub Copilot1
Human resources / VS Code0
Human resources / Command line0

What a tool mention actually means

All qualifying job advertisements · 378446 job ads · 2323 employers

What a tool mention actually means

Each tool family counts once per job. A job may name more than one family.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Other mentions15390
Required skills15821
Advertised work9932
Preferred skills7040
Products being sold430
Use restrictions836

Tools advertised together

All qualifying job advertisements · 378446 job ads · 2323 employers

Tools advertised together

Families named together in work or skill requirements. Each pair counts once per job; no model is inferred from an editor.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Claude (Anthropic) + ChatGPT (OpenAI)1913
Claude (Anthropic) + Cursor1280
Claude (Anthropic) + Gemini (Google)662
Claude (Anthropic) + GitHub Copilot652
LangChain + ChatGPT (OpenAI)603
Claude (Anthropic) + LangChain533
Cursor + ChatGPT (OpenAI)482
Gemini (Google) + ChatGPT (OpenAI)482
Cursor + GitHub Copilot401
GitHub Copilot + ChatGPT (OpenAI)371
Microsoft Copilot + ChatGPT (OpenAI)302
Gemini (Google) + Vertex AI (Google)280

AI tools required outside AI-tagged jobs

Jobs not classified as AI · 355855 job ads · 2160 employers

AI tools required outside AI-tagged jobs

Required skills only. Denominator: 355,855 job ads not classified as AI. These include unreviewed, stale and non-accepted reviews; they are not a verified non-AI population. Background text, selling and restrictions do not count.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Claude (Anthropic)1286
ChatGPT (OpenAI)890
Cursor451
GitHub Copilot411
Gemini (Google)366
LangChain337
Microsoft Copilot280
Vertex AI (Google)146
Devin69
Hugging Face67

AI tools inside and outside AI-tagged jobs

All qualifying job advertisements · 378446 job ads · 2323 employers

AI tools inside and outside AI-tagged jobs

Required skills, preferred skills and advertised work, counted once per family per vacancy. Each row uses its own full job denominator, including ads with no tool mention. Outside the AI cohort does not mean verified non-AI. Descriptive rates; role and employer mixes differ. Use Explorer to compare the same profession, level and country.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
AI-tagged jobs / ChatGPT (OpenAI)1534
AI-tagged jobs / Claude (Anthropic)1951
AI-tagged jobs / Cursor710
AI-tagged jobs / GitHub Copilot374
AI-tagged jobs / Gemini (Google)454
AI-tagged jobs / Microsoft Copilot245
Jobs not classified as AI / ChatGPT (OpenAI)3847
Jobs not classified as AI / Claude (Anthropic)3141
Jobs not classified as AI / Cursor1033
Jobs not classified as AI / GitHub Copilot926
Jobs not classified as AI / Gemini (Google)809
Jobs not classified as AI / Microsoft Copilot615

The evidence funnel

Ads with a matching accepted AI review · 22591 job ads · 1139 employers

The evidence funnel

Each stage has its own population and denominator. Salary eligibility never depends on an estimate.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Job records checked397632
Distinct eligible job ads378446
Ads with accepted AI reviews22591
Employers contributing accepted AI reviews1139

Main AI countries: average annual pay

Separately scoped national paid-wage and advertised-pay populations · Annual pay in each country display currency; means and medians labeled separately

Main AI countries: average annual pay

Country-by-country reference values retain native display currencies, separate populations and reference periods. No all-sector multinational average or AI pay premium is computed.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
All sectors · INSEE covered private sector43224
AI employers · all roles · annual advertised pay93466.10649074704
AI employers + Accepted AI roles · union · annual advertised pay92332.18482196494

Our job observations in a wider global context

Artificial Careers vacancies and distinct official populations · Separate job-ad counts, rates and official reference units

Our job observations in a wider global context

Our rates count distinct job advertisements requiring an AI tool, divided by all eligible ads for that country. Generic editors and command-line mentions alone do not count. Multi-country ads count once in each eligible country, once globally. Official indicators retain their own population, unit, source and reference year; they do not measure the same thing as our job-ad rates. Missing references are unavailable, not zero. No official statistic enters confirmed salary calculations.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
United States152290
India19153
Canada12951
France9952
United Kingdom9249
Germany8420

AI tools beyond software teams

Business occupations in our catalogue; separate seven-country SME survey · Distinct job ads and a separate SME-survey percentage

AI tools beyond software teams

Our profession rows count distinct job advertisements requesting AI tools in required skills, preferred skills or advertised work; the required-only column stays separate. Each profession uses its own full vacancy denominator. The separate OECD survey covers business functions among GenAI-using SMEs in seven countries in 2024, excluding France. Occupations and business functions are not one-to-one matches; do not subtract these percentages or interpret job mentions as company adoption.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Product management257
Product owners13
Project management26
Program management60
Marketing252
Sales and business development2035
Operations1016
Design177
Finance193
Human resources63
Legal and compliance108

Methods and limitations

  • Vacancy, tool and salary populations retain the previous complete release. Official context was retrieved separately on 31 October; each reference keeps its original period, source, population and quality flags. These comparisons add no salaries and do not establish national AI adoption or an AI salary premium.
  • Observed job advertisements are a convenience sample, not national employment or actual organizational adoption.
  • Role, employer and mention classifiers are conservative rules; independent human evaluation is required before public publication.
  • AI review acceptance is source-linked classification, not an independently certified ground truth.
  • Unknown location, seniority and employer facts remain unknown. No global salary pooling or missing-pay imputation.
  • All salaries are annual. Monthly ×12; weekly ×52; hourly ×disclosed weekly hours ×52, otherwise explicitly assumed 40×52. Annualization preserves verified salary status; calculated totals and any assumed work hours are labeled.
  • Historical salary and tool curves are withheld until comparable frozen evidence exists.
  • Official AI adoption, occupational exposure, employment, internet and R&D references retain independent populations, methods, years and units. They are context, not matched comparisons or inputs to confirmed advertised pay. Job-ad tool rates and SME business-function rates must not be subtracted; neither establishes national tool adoption.
  • This is a partial-month local preview; not a completed monthly publication.
Full methodology