ARTIFICIAL CAREERS / OBSERVATORY
How AI work is taking shape.
2026-10 · Roles, tools and employer-disclosed pay
2026-10-01 to 2026-10-30 · Partial-month local preview
Download PDFThree findings
- 378,446 qualifying job ads from 2,323 employers in the active snapshot. 22,591 ads have a matching accepted AI review.
- 869 ads in that AI-review subset include pay disclosed by the employer. All amounts are annual; conversions are labeled and salary estimates are excluded.
- 776 job ads outside core technical occupations name coding agents in work or skill requirements.
Where AI work appears
Ads with a matching accepted AI review · 22591 job ads · 1139 employers
Occupation families are descriptive classifications, not identical jobs.
Data table
| Group | Value | Upper bound |
|---|---|---|
| Software engineering | 12230 | |
| AI research | 3733 | |
| Operations | 2018 | |
| IT and infrastructure | 870 | |
| Sales and business development | 829 | |
| Sales engineering | 637 | |
| Data science | 615 | |
| Product management | 519 | |
| Marketing | 242 | |
| Legal and compliance | 197 | |
| Program management | 190 | |
| Design | 161 | |
| Finance | 144 | |
| Technical marketing | 72 |
Entry points and seniority
Ads with a matching accepted AI review · 22591 job ads · 1139 employers
Unknown levels remain visible. Technical and management tracks are separate.
Data table
| Group | Value | Upper bound |
|---|---|---|
| Mid-level | 7700 | |
| Senior | 4537 | |
| Lead | 3429 | |
| Not specified | 2166 | |
| Managers | 2117 | |
| Early career | 787 | |
| Internships | 758 | |
| Directors | 736 | |
| Vice presidents | 321 | |
| Executives | 40 |
Observed hiring by country
Ads with a matching accepted AI review · 22591 job ads · 1139 employers
A job counts once in each explicitly listed eligible country and once globally. Country totals overlap and must not be added. Regional/worldwide eligibility is kept separate; countries are never invented from a broad region.
Data table
| Group | Value | Upper bound |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 8309 | |
| Country not specified | 6297 | |
| India | 3078 | |
| United Kingdom | 790 | |
| France | 464 | |
| Canada | 409 | |
| Germany | 336 | |
| Singapore | 317 | |
| China | 293 | |
| Israel | 189 | |
| Spain | 178 | |
| Japan | 161 | |
| Ireland | 142 | |
| Poland | 124 |
Observed hiring across employers
Ads with a matching accepted AI review · 22591 job ads · 1139 employers
Top employer domains in current reviewed AI postings. Business-model classification remains incomplete; tool mentions never determine employer type.
Data table
| Group | Value | Upper bound |
|---|---|---|
| Accenture | 5393 | |
| NVIDIA | 603 | |
| OpenAI | 448 | |
| Anthropic | 426 | |
| Databricks | 301 | |
| Bosch | 269 | |
| Capgemini | 264 | |
| Capital One | 236 | |
| Boston Consulting Group | 235 | |
| Salesforce | 222 | |
| AMD | 211 | |
| Anduril | 201 |
Annual advertised pay by occupation
Employer-disclosed pay in United States · 140 job ads · 38 employers
United States · USD per year · base salary. Separate lower/upper-bound medians; not employee earnings. All pay shown annually: monthly ×12, weekly ×52, hourly ×disclosed hours or assumed 40×52. 10 records use assumed hours.
Data table
| Group | Value | Upper bound |
|---|---|---|
| Software engineering | 154700 | 240000 |
| AI research | 150000 | 260000 |
Internship pay: annual equivalents
Internships and apprenticeships in United States · 35 job ads · 19 employers
United States · USD per year · salary as advertised; base component not separately stated. Internships and apprenticeships; separate lower/upper salary-bound medians. This population stays separate from the seniority chart's pay basis. Annual equivalents compare pay rates over a full year; they are not earnings for a shorter placement. Monthly ×12, weekly ×52, hourly ×disclosed hours or assumed 40×52; 18 use assumed hours.
Data table
| Group | Value | Upper bound |
|---|---|---|
| Internships | 107328 | 137280 |
Distribution of advertised lower bounds
Ads with a matching accepted AI review · 140 job ads · 38 employers
United States · USD per year · base salary. Annual lower bounds only; equal-width bins of 30,000, lower-inclusive and upper-exclusive. No range midpoints. All pay shown annually: monthly ×12, weekly ×52, hourly ×disclosed hours or assumed 40×52. 10 records use assumed hours.
Data table
| Group | Value | Upper bound |
|---|---|---|
| 30,000 - 60,000 | 4 | |
| 60,000 - 90,000 | 7 | |
| 90,000 - 120,000 | 11 | |
| 120,000 - 150,000 | 35 | |
| 150,000 - 180,000 | 50 | |
| 180,000 - 210,000 | 20 | |
| 210,000 - 240,000 | 2 | |
| 240,000 - 270,000 | 6 | |
| 270,000 - 300,000 | 2 | |
| 300,000 - 330,000 | 1 | |
| 330,000 - 360,000 | 1 | |
| 360,000 - 390,000 | 0 | |
| 390,000 - 420,000 | 1 |
AI tools named in job ads
All qualifying job advertisements · 378446 job ads · 2323 employers
Each family counts once per job: ChatGPT (OpenAI) includes Codex and OpenAI/GPT; Claude (Anthropic) includes Claude Code. Company promotion, selling and restrictions are excluded.
Data table
| Group | Value | Upper bound |
|---|---|---|
| ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 5381 | |
| Claude (Anthropic) | 5092 | |
| LangChain | 2088 | |
| Cursor | 1743 | |
| GitHub Copilot | 1300 | |
| Gemini (Google) | 1263 | |
| Microsoft Copilot | 860 | |
| Vertex AI (Google) | 691 | |
| Hugging Face | 523 | |
| n8n | 276 | |
| Devin | 223 | |
| Llama | 221 | |
| Mistral / Le Chat | 196 | |
| Lovable | 171 | |
| Grok (xAI) | 163 |
AI and developer tools across professions
All qualifying job advertisements · 378446 job ads · 2323 employers
Required/preferred/workflow contexts only. Percentages use occupation denominators. Zero means no eligible mention; separate hybrid professions remain in downloadable data. VS Code and CLI alone do not prove AI use.
Data table
| Group | Value | Upper bound |
|---|---|---|
| Software engineering / ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 2426 | |
| Software engineering / Claude (Anthropic) | 2913 | |
| Software engineering / Cursor | 1048 | |
| Software engineering / GitHub Copilot | 944 | |
| Software engineering / VS Code | 181 | |
| Software engineering / Command line | 555 | |
| Product owners / ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 2 | |
| Product owners / Claude (Anthropic) | 2 | |
| Product owners / Cursor | 0 | |
| Product owners / GitHub Copilot | 2 | |
| Product owners / VS Code | 2 | |
| Product owners / Command line | 0 | |
| Product management / ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 80 | |
| Product management / Claude (Anthropic) | 166 | |
| Product management / Cursor | 81 | |
| Product management / GitHub Copilot | 33 | |
| Product management / VS Code | 9 | |
| Product management / Command line | 32 | |
| Project management / ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 16 | |
| Project management / Claude (Anthropic) | 8 | |
| Project management / Cursor | 0 | |
| Project management / GitHub Copilot | 2 | |
| Project management / VS Code | 0 | |
| Project management / Command line | 0 | |
| Program management / ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 47 | |
| Program management / Claude (Anthropic) | 64 | |
| Program management / Cursor | 7 | |
| Program management / GitHub Copilot | 4 | |
| Program management / VS Code | 0 | |
| Program management / Command line | 0 | |
| Marketing / ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 104 | |
| Marketing / Claude (Anthropic) | 151 | |
| Marketing / Cursor | 33 | |
| Marketing / GitHub Copilot | 9 | |
| Marketing / VS Code | 2 | |
| Marketing / Command line | 6 | |
| Sales and business development / ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 1632 | |
| Sales and business development / Claude (Anthropic) | 300 | |
| Sales and business development / Cursor | 66 | |
| Sales and business development / GitHub Copilot | 10 | |
| Sales and business development / VS Code | 1 | |
| Sales and business development / Command line | 8 | |
| Operations / ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 350 | |
| Operations / Claude (Anthropic) | 522 | |
| Operations / Cursor | 139 | |
| Operations / GitHub Copilot | 62 | |
| Operations / VS Code | 14 | |
| Operations / Command line | 172 | |
| Design / ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 55 | |
| Design / Claude (Anthropic) | 101 | |
| Design / Cursor | 61 | |
| Design / GitHub Copilot | 12 | |
| Design / VS Code | 1 | |
| Design / Command line | 8 | |
| Finance / ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 56 | |
| Finance / Claude (Anthropic) | 92 | |
| Finance / Cursor | 10 | |
| Finance / GitHub Copilot | 14 | |
| Finance / VS Code | 1 | |
| Finance / Command line | 4 | |
| Human resources / ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 16 | |
| Human resources / Claude (Anthropic) | 34 | |
| Human resources / Cursor | 5 | |
| Human resources / GitHub Copilot | 1 | |
| Human resources / VS Code | 0 | |
| Human resources / Command line | 0 |
What a tool mention actually means
All qualifying job advertisements · 378446 job ads · 2323 employers
Each tool family counts once per job. A job may name more than one family.
Data table
| Group | Value | Upper bound |
|---|---|---|
| Other mentions | 15390 | |
| Required skills | 15821 | |
| Advertised work | 9932 | |
| Preferred skills | 7040 | |
| Products being sold | 430 | |
| Use restrictions | 836 |
Tools advertised together
All qualifying job advertisements · 378446 job ads · 2323 employers
Families named together in work or skill requirements. Each pair counts once per job; no model is inferred from an editor.
Data table
| Group | Value | Upper bound |
|---|---|---|
| Claude (Anthropic) + ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 1913 | |
| Claude (Anthropic) + Cursor | 1280 | |
| Claude (Anthropic) + Gemini (Google) | 662 | |
| Claude (Anthropic) + GitHub Copilot | 652 | |
| LangChain + ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 603 | |
| Claude (Anthropic) + LangChain | 533 | |
| Cursor + ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 482 | |
| Gemini (Google) + ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 482 | |
| Cursor + GitHub Copilot | 401 | |
| GitHub Copilot + ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 371 | |
| Microsoft Copilot + ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 302 | |
| Gemini (Google) + Vertex AI (Google) | 280 |
AI tools required outside AI-tagged jobs
Jobs not classified as AI · 355855 job ads · 2160 employers
Required skills only. Denominator: 355,855 job ads not classified as AI. These include unreviewed, stale and non-accepted reviews; they are not a verified non-AI population. Background text, selling and restrictions do not count.
Data table
| Group | Value | Upper bound |
|---|---|---|
| Claude (Anthropic) | 1286 | |
| ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 890 | |
| Cursor | 451 | |
| GitHub Copilot | 411 | |
| Gemini (Google) | 366 | |
| LangChain | 337 | |
| Microsoft Copilot | 280 | |
| Vertex AI (Google) | 146 | |
| Devin | 69 | |
| Hugging Face | 67 |
AI tools inside and outside AI-tagged jobs
All qualifying job advertisements · 378446 job ads · 2323 employers
Required skills, preferred skills and advertised work, counted once per family per vacancy. Each row uses its own full job denominator, including ads with no tool mention. Outside the AI cohort does not mean verified non-AI. Descriptive rates; role and employer mixes differ. Use Explorer to compare the same profession, level and country.
Data table
| Group | Value | Upper bound |
|---|---|---|
| AI-tagged jobs / ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 1534 | |
| AI-tagged jobs / Claude (Anthropic) | 1951 | |
| AI-tagged jobs / Cursor | 710 | |
| AI-tagged jobs / GitHub Copilot | 374 | |
| AI-tagged jobs / Gemini (Google) | 454 | |
| AI-tagged jobs / Microsoft Copilot | 245 | |
| Jobs not classified as AI / ChatGPT (OpenAI) | 3847 | |
| Jobs not classified as AI / Claude (Anthropic) | 3141 | |
| Jobs not classified as AI / Cursor | 1033 | |
| Jobs not classified as AI / GitHub Copilot | 926 | |
| Jobs not classified as AI / Gemini (Google) | 809 | |
| Jobs not classified as AI / Microsoft Copilot | 615 |
The evidence funnel
Ads with a matching accepted AI review · 22591 job ads · 1139 employers
Each stage has its own population and denominator. Salary eligibility never depends on an estimate.
Data table
| Group | Value | Upper bound |
|---|---|---|
| Job records checked | 397632 | |
| Distinct eligible job ads | 378446 | |
| Ads with accepted AI reviews | 22591 | |
| Employers contributing accepted AI reviews | 1139 |
Main AI countries: average annual pay
Separately scoped national paid-wage and advertised-pay populations · Annual pay in each country display currency; means and medians labeled separately
Country-by-country reference values retain native display currencies, separate populations and reference periods. No all-sector multinational average or AI pay premium is computed.
Data table
| Group | Value | Upper bound |
|---|---|---|
| All sectors · INSEE covered private sector | 43224 | |
| AI employers · all roles · annual advertised pay | 93466.10649074704 | |
| AI employers + Accepted AI roles · union · annual advertised pay | 92332.18482196494 |
Our job observations in a wider global context
Artificial Careers vacancies and distinct official populations · Separate job-ad counts, rates and official reference units
Our rates count distinct job advertisements requiring an AI tool, divided by all eligible ads for that country. Generic editors and command-line mentions alone do not count. Multi-country ads count once in each eligible country, once globally. Official indicators retain their own population, unit, source and reference year; they do not measure the same thing as our job-ad rates. Missing references are unavailable, not zero. No official statistic enters confirmed salary calculations.
Data table
| Group | Value | Upper bound |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 152290 | |
| India | 19153 | |
| Canada | 12951 | |
| France | 9952 | |
| United Kingdom | 9249 | |
| Germany | 8420 |
AI tools beyond software teams
Business occupations in our catalogue; separate seven-country SME survey · Distinct job ads and a separate SME-survey percentage
Our profession rows count distinct job advertisements requesting AI tools in required skills, preferred skills or advertised work; the required-only column stays separate. Each profession uses its own full vacancy denominator. The separate OECD survey covers business functions among GenAI-using SMEs in seven countries in 2024, excluding France. Occupations and business functions are not one-to-one matches; do not subtract these percentages or interpret job mentions as company adoption.
Data table
| Group | Value | Upper bound |
|---|---|---|
| Product management | 257 | |
| Product owners | 13 | |
| Project management | 26 | |
| Program management | 60 | |
| Marketing | 252 | |
| Sales and business development | 2035 | |
| Operations | 1016 | |
| Design | 177 | |
| Finance | 193 | |
| Human resources | 63 | |
| Legal and compliance | 108 |
Methods and limitations
- Vacancy, tool and salary populations retain the previous complete release. Official context was retrieved separately on 31 October; each reference keeps its original period, source, population and quality flags. These comparisons add no salaries and do not establish national AI adoption or an AI salary premium.
- Observed job advertisements are a convenience sample, not national employment or actual organizational adoption.
- Role, employer and mention classifiers are conservative rules; independent human evaluation is required before public publication.
- AI review acceptance is source-linked classification, not an independently certified ground truth.
- Unknown location, seniority and employer facts remain unknown. No global salary pooling or missing-pay imputation.
- All salaries are annual. Monthly ×12; weekly ×52; hourly ×disclosed weekly hours ×52, otherwise explicitly assumed 40×52. Annualization preserves verified salary status; calculated totals and any assumed work hours are labeled.
- Historical salary and tool curves are withheld until comparable frozen evidence exists.
- Official AI adoption, occupational exposure, employment, internet and R&D references retain independent populations, methods, years and units. They are context, not matched comparisons or inputs to confirmed advertised pay. Job-ad tool rates and SME business-function rates must not be subtracted; neither establishes national tool adoption.
- This is a partial-month local preview; not a completed monthly publication.