ARTIFICIAL CAREERS / OBSERVATORY

How AI work is taking shape.

2026 · 2026 observed vacancies, active and closed; tools and annual advertised pay

2026-01-01 to 2026-10-30 · Year-to-date local preview

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Three findings

  1. 929,173 qualifying job ads from 2,350 employers observed in 2026, including closed ads. 42,988 ads have a matching accepted AI review.
  2. 2,331 ads in that AI-review subset include pay disclosed by the employer. All amounts are annual; conversions are labeled and salary estimates are excluded.
  3. 1,747 job ads outside core technical occupations name coding agents in work or skill requirements.

Where AI work appears

2026 ads with a matching accepted AI review · 42988 job ads · 1239 employers

Where AI work appears

Occupation families are descriptive classifications, not identical jobs.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Software engineering22669
AI research6700
Operations3906
Sales and business development1717
IT and infrastructure1453
Data science1319
Product management1241
Sales engineering1230
Marketing670
Design428
Program management427
Legal and compliance370
Finance370
Human resources169

Entry points and seniority

2026 ads with a matching accepted AI review · 42988 job ads · 1239 employers

Entry points and seniority

Unknown levels remain visible. Technical and management tracks are separate.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Mid-level14102
Senior7637
Lead6238
Not specified5805
Managers4472
Directors1659
Internships1243
Early career1040
Vice presidents721
Executives71

Observed hiring by country

2026 ads with a matching accepted AI review · 42988 job ads · 1239 employers

Observed hiring by country

A job counts once in each explicitly listed eligible country and once globally. Country totals overlap and must not be added. Regional/worldwide eligibility is kept separate; countries are never invented from a broad region.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
United States16730
Country not specified9738
India6787
United Kingdom1683
Canada949
France736
Germany636
Singapore591
China474
Spain456
Ireland347
Israel332
Japan249
Poland239

Observed hiring across employers

2026 ads with a matching accepted AI review · 42988 job ads · 1239 employers

Observed hiring across employers

Top employer domains in current reviewed AI postings. Business-model classification remains incomplete; tool mentions never determine employer type.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Accenture6735
NVIDIA1162
Anthropic841
OpenAI731
JPMorgan Chase689
Capital One618
Salesforce559
Bosch534
Citi517
Databricks469
AMD467
UnitedHealth Group435

Annual advertised pay by occupation

Employer-disclosed pay in United States · 807 job ads · 97 employers

Annual advertised pay by occupation

United States · USD per year · base salary. Separate lower/upper-bound medians; not employee earnings. All pay shown annually: monthly ×12, weekly ×52, hourly ×disclosed hours or assumed 40×52. 17 records use assumed hours.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Product management180504275000
AI research175800281950
Software engineering170000260000

Annual advertised pay by seniority

Employer-disclosed pay in United States · 807 job ads · 97 employers

Annual advertised pay by seniority

United States · USD per year · base salary. Descriptive; occupation mix varies. Internships are shown in the adjacent panel when their separate pay population meets the sample rules. All pay shown annually: monthly ×12, weekly ×52, hourly ×disclosed hours or assumed 40×52. 17 records use assumed hours.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Lead200000290000
Directors189000279021.6
Not specified163944250000
Senior151500231000

Internship pay: annual equivalents

Internships and apprenticeships in United States · 50 job ads · 23 employers

Internship pay: annual equivalents

United States · USD per year · salary as advertised; base component not separately stated. Internships and apprenticeships; separate lower/upper salary-bound medians. This population stays separate from the seniority chart's pay basis. Annual equivalents compare pay rates over a full year; they are not earnings for a shorter placement. Monthly ×12, weekly ×52, hourly ×disclosed hours or assumed 40×52; 29 use assumed hours.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Internships79040134640

Distribution of advertised lower bounds

2026 ads with a matching accepted AI review · 807 job ads · 97 employers

Distribution of advertised lower bounds

United States · USD per year · base salary. Annual lower bounds only; equal-width bins of 30,000, lower-inclusive and upper-exclusive. No range midpoints. All pay shown annually: monthly ×12, weekly ×52, hourly ×disclosed hours or assumed 40×52. 17 records use assumed hours.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
30,000 - 60,0006
60,000 - 90,00034
90,000 - 120,00082
120,000 - 150,000126
150,000 - 180,000160
180,000 - 210,000145
210,000 - 240,00094
240,000 - 270,00062
270,000 - 300,00042
300,000 - 330,0009
330,000 - 360,00020
360,000 - 390,00017
390,000 - 420,0005
420,000 - 450,0005

Annual advertised pay by city

Employer-disclosed pay in United States · 807 job ads · 97 employers

Annual advertised pay by city

United States · USD per year · base salary. Cities above sample and employer-diversity gates. All pay shown annually: monthly ×12, weekly ×52, hourly ×disclosed hours or assumed 40×52. 17 records use assumed hours.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
New York167000240000

AI tools named in job ads

All qualifying job advertisements · 929173 job ads · 2350 employers

AI tools named in job ads

Each family counts once per job: ChatGPT (OpenAI) includes Codex and OpenAI/GPT; Claude (Anthropic) includes Claude Code. Company promotion, selling and restrictions are excluded.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Claude (Anthropic)10919
ChatGPT (OpenAI)9959
LangChain4509
Cursor3791
GitHub Copilot3148
Gemini (Google)2612
Microsoft Copilot1909
Hugging Face1291
Vertex AI (Google)1210
n8n632
Devin487
Llama443
Mistral / Le Chat430
Lovable332
Grok (xAI)327

AI and developer tools across professions

All qualifying job advertisements · 929173 job ads · 2350 employers

AI and developer tools across professions

Required/preferred/workflow contexts only. Percentages use occupation denominators. Zero means no eligible mention; separate hybrid professions remain in downloadable data. VS Code and CLI alone do not prove AI use.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Software engineering / ChatGPT (OpenAI)5047
Software engineering / Claude (Anthropic)6108
Software engineering / Cursor2246
Software engineering / GitHub Copilot2321
Software engineering / VS Code442
Software engineering / Command line1126
Product owners / ChatGPT (OpenAI)18
Product owners / Claude (Anthropic)21
Product owners / Cursor3
Product owners / GitHub Copilot8
Product owners / VS Code5
Product owners / Command line1
Product management / ChatGPT (OpenAI)166
Product management / Claude (Anthropic)397
Product management / Cursor222
Product management / GitHub Copilot90
Product management / VS Code12
Product management / Command line62
Project management / ChatGPT (OpenAI)21
Project management / Claude (Anthropic)17
Project management / Cursor2
Project management / GitHub Copilot2
Project management / VS Code1
Project management / Command line0
Program management / ChatGPT (OpenAI)102
Program management / Claude (Anthropic)137
Program management / Cursor26
Program management / GitHub Copilot10
Program management / VS Code0
Program management / Command line4
Marketing / ChatGPT (OpenAI)261
Marketing / Claude (Anthropic)340
Marketing / Cursor53
Marketing / GitHub Copilot21
Marketing / VS Code4
Marketing / Command line11
Sales and business development / ChatGPT (OpenAI)1901
Sales and business development / Claude (Anthropic)574
Sales and business development / Cursor120
Sales and business development / GitHub Copilot28
Sales and business development / VS Code3
Sales and business development / Command line21
Operations / ChatGPT (OpenAI)833
Operations / Claude (Anthropic)1172
Operations / Cursor301
Operations / GitHub Copilot140
Operations / VS Code35
Operations / Command line409
Design / ChatGPT (OpenAI)113
Design / Claude (Anthropic)271
Design / Cursor160
Design / GitHub Copilot28
Design / VS Code7
Design / Command line18
Finance / ChatGPT (OpenAI)138
Finance / Claude (Anthropic)214
Finance / Cursor25
Finance / GitHub Copilot25
Finance / VS Code3
Finance / Command line5
Human resources / ChatGPT (OpenAI)57
Human resources / Claude (Anthropic)71
Human resources / Cursor12
Human resources / GitHub Copilot1
Human resources / VS Code0
Human resources / Command line1

What a tool mention actually means

All qualifying job advertisements · 929173 job ads · 2350 employers

What a tool mention actually means

Each tool family counts once per job. A job may name more than one family.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Other mentions31634
Advertised work19077
Preferred skills17326
Required skills36803
Use restrictions2291
Products being sold1141

Tools advertised together

All qualifying job advertisements · 929173 job ads · 2350 employers

Tools advertised together

Families named together in work or skill requirements. Each pair counts once per job; no model is inferred from an editor.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Claude (Anthropic) + ChatGPT (OpenAI)4118
Claude (Anthropic) + Cursor2836
Claude (Anthropic) + GitHub Copilot1689
Claude (Anthropic) + Gemini (Google)1525
LangChain + ChatGPT (OpenAI)1295
Claude (Anthropic) + LangChain1135
Cursor + GitHub Copilot1104
Gemini (Google) + ChatGPT (OpenAI)1096
Cursor + ChatGPT (OpenAI)1046
GitHub Copilot + ChatGPT (OpenAI)884
Microsoft Copilot + ChatGPT (OpenAI)692
Hugging Face + LangChain533

AI tools required outside AI-tagged jobs

Jobs not classified as AI · 886185 job ads · 2189 employers

AI tools required outside AI-tagged jobs

Required skills only. Denominator: 886,185 job ads not classified as AI. These include unreviewed, stale and non-accepted reviews; they are not a verified non-AI population. Background text, selling and restrictions do not count.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Claude (Anthropic)2790
ChatGPT (OpenAI)2231
Cursor1026
GitHub Copilot972
LangChain946
Gemini (Google)736
Microsoft Copilot606
Vertex AI (Google)267
Hugging Face229
Devin155

AI tools inside and outside AI-tagged jobs

All qualifying job advertisements · 929173 job ads · 2350 employers

AI tools inside and outside AI-tagged jobs

Required skills, preferred skills and advertised work, counted once per family per vacancy. Each row uses its own full job denominator, including ads with no tool mention. Outside the AI cohort does not mean verified non-AI. Descriptive rates; role and employer mixes differ. Use Explorer to compare the same profession, level and country.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
AI-tagged jobs / ChatGPT (OpenAI)3189
AI-tagged jobs / Claude (Anthropic)4336
AI-tagged jobs / Cursor1538
AI-tagged jobs / GitHub Copilot1012
AI-tagged jobs / LangChain2821
AI-tagged jobs / Gemini (Google)936
Jobs not classified as AI / ChatGPT (OpenAI)6770
Jobs not classified as AI / Claude (Anthropic)6583
Jobs not classified as AI / Cursor2253
Jobs not classified as AI / GitHub Copilot2136
Jobs not classified as AI / LangChain1688
Jobs not classified as AI / Gemini (Google)1676

The evidence funnel

2026 ads with a matching accepted AI review · 42988 job ads · 1239 employers

The evidence funnel

Each stage has its own population and denominator. Salary eligibility never depends on an estimate.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Job records checked1050756
Distinct eligible job ads929173
Ads with accepted AI reviews42988
Employers contributing accepted AI reviews1239

Main AI countries: average annual pay

Separately scoped national paid-wage and advertised-pay populations · Annual pay in each country display currency; means and medians labeled separately

Main AI countries: average annual pay

Country-by-country reference values retain native display currencies, separate populations and reference periods. No all-sector multinational average or AI pay premium is computed.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
All sectors · INSEE covered private sector43224
AI employers · all roles · annual advertised pay93466.10649074704
AI employers + Accepted AI roles · union · annual advertised pay92332.18482196494

Our job observations in a wider global context

Artificial Careers vacancies and distinct official populations · Separate job-ad counts, rates and official reference units

Our job observations in a wider global context

Our rates count distinct job advertisements requiring an AI tool, divided by all eligible ads for that country. Generic editors and command-line mentions alone do not count. Multi-country ads count once in each eligible country, once globally. Official indicators retain their own population, unit, source and reference year; they do not measure the same thing as our job-ad rates. Missing references are unavailable, not zero. No official statistic enters confirmed salary calculations.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
United States394258
India66483
Canada30153
United Kingdom25085
Germany21106
France19308

AI tools beyond software teams

Business occupations in our catalogue; separate seven-country SME survey · Distinct job ads and a separate SME-survey percentage

AI tools beyond software teams

Our profession rows count distinct job advertisements requesting AI tools in required skills, preferred skills or advertised work; the required-only column stays separate. Each profession uses its own full vacancy denominator. The separate OECD survey covers business functions among GenAI-using SMEs in seven countries in 2024, excluding France. Occupations and business functions are not one-to-one matches; do not subtract these percentages or interpret job mentions as company adoption.

Data table
GroupValueUpper bound
Product management606
Product owners47
Project management50
Program management146
Marketing597
Sales and business development2661
Operations2148
Design442
Finance397
Human resources160
Legal and compliance269

Methods and limitations

  • Vacancy, tool and salary populations retain the previous complete release. Official context was retrieved separately on 31 October; each reference keeps its original period, source, population and quality flags. These comparisons add no salaries and do not establish national AI adoption or an AI salary premium.
  • Annual unique vacancy records observed in our catalog during the year, including active and closed advertisements. Observation dates do not establish original publication dates or a year-long hiring census. This is not a sum of monthly stocks or a count of hires. Current stored descriptions cannot establish historical monthly tool or pay curves.
  • Observed job advertisements are a convenience sample, not national employment or actual organizational adoption.
  • Role, employer and mention classifiers are conservative rules; independent human evaluation is required before public publication.
  • AI review acceptance is source-linked classification, not an independently certified ground truth.
  • Unknown location, seniority and employer facts remain unknown. No global salary pooling or missing-pay imputation.
  • All salaries are annual. Monthly ×12; weekly ×52; hourly ×disclosed weekly hours ×52, otherwise explicitly assumed 40×52. Annualization preserves verified salary status; calculated totals and any assumed work hours are labeled.
  • Historical salary and tool curves are withheld until comparable frozen evidence exists.
  • Official AI adoption, occupational exposure, employment, internet and R&D references retain independent populations, methods, years and units. They are context, not matched comparisons or inputs to confirmed advertised pay. Job-ad tool rates and SME business-function rates must not be subtracted; neither establishes national tool adoption.
  • This is a year-to-date local preview; not a completed annual publication.
Full methodology